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| 1961 |
| | | Nelson Mandela and the ANC adopt guerrilla tactics against the apartheid regime in South Africa | |
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| 1964 |
| | | Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life imprisonment and is sent to a gaol on Robben Island | |
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| 1964 |
| | | Kenneth Kaunda becomes president of the independent republic of Zambia, previously Northern Rhodesia | |
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| 1966 |
| | | Prime minister Hendrik Verwoerd is stabbed to death in the South African parliament | |
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| 1967 |
| | | South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard, in Cape Town, transplants the heart of a young woman into a 55-year-old grocer, Louis Washkansky | |
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| 1976 |
| | | Hundreds of deaths and casualties result from police firing on a demonstration by schoolchildren in the black township of Soweto | |
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| 1977 |
| | | Steve Biko, founder of Black Consciousness, dies of head wounds received in police custody in Pretoria | |
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| 1983 |
| | | South African novelist J.M. Coetzee publishes The Life and Times of Michael K, and wins the Booker Prize | |
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| 1984 |
| | | Desmond Tutu, rector of an Anglican church in Soweto, is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize | |
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| 1986 |
| | | Western nations finally impose sanctions on South Africa in response to apartheid | |
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